materi bahasa inggris

materi_bahasa_inggris

Selasa, 26 Januari 2010

DIRECT AND INDIREC SPEECH

DIRECT AND INDIREC SPEECH

1. Pengantar

Ada beberapa perubahan yang terjadi apabila kita hendak mengubah kalimat langsung menjadi kalimat tak langsung. Perubahan tersebut meliputi perubahan pronoun, tense, adverb dan susunan kalimat. Perubahan lainnya adalah mengenai penggunaan tanda baca, akan tetapi perubahan ini sengaja tidak dibahas karena hanya mempersoalkan penghilangan tanda petik (“....”) yang ada pada kalimat langsung setelah diubah menjadi kalimat tidak langsung.

2. Perubahan Dari Kalimat Langsung Menjadi Kalimat Tidak Langsung

a. Perubahan pronoun

Contoh :

1) He says, I am very sad."

He says that he is very sad.

2) She tells him,” I am as old as you."

She tells him that she is as old as he.

3) The students say, “'We are waiting for our teacher."

The students say that they are waiting for their teacher.

1. D : She says , “I repair his motor cycle”.

I : She says that ……………………………….

2. D : She says , “I repaired his motor cycle”.

I : She says that ………………………………

3. D : She says , “I am repairing his motor cycle”.

I : She says that ……………………………….

4. D : She says , “I will repair the bicycle”.

I : She says that ………………………………..

5. D : She says , “I was repaireing the bicycle”.

I : She says that ………………………………

6. D : She says , “I have repaired the bicycle”.

I : She says that ……………………………….

b. Perubahan Tenses.

DIRECT SPEECH

INDIRECT SPEECH

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

PRESENT TENSE

PRESENT CONTINOUSE

PRESENT FUTURE

PRESENT PERFECT

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUSE

PAST TENSE

PAST CONTINOUSE

PAST TENSE

PAST CONTINOUSE

PAST FUTURE

PAST PERFECT

PAST PERFECT CONTINOUSE

PAST PERFECT TENSE

PAST PERFECT CONTINOUSE

Contoh :

1) He said, “I am very sad."

He said that he was very sad.

2) He said, “I was very sad."

He said that he had been very sad.

3) He explained, “I repair the bicycle in the room."

He explained.that he repaired the bicycle in the room.

4) He said,” I will meet her “

He said that he would meet her

5) He said, "My sister died”

He said that his sister had died .

6) He said, "She is coming ."

He said that she was coming .

1. D : She said , “I repair his motor cycle”.

I : She said that ……………………………….

2. D : She said , “I repaired his motor cycle”.

I : She said that ………………………………

3. D : She said , “He is repairing his motor cycle”.

I : She said that ……………………………….

4. D : She said, “He will repair the bicycle”.

I : She said that ………………………………..

5. D : She said, “He was repaired the bicycle”.

I : She said that ………………………………

6. D : She said, “He has repaired the bicycle”.

I : She said that ……………………………….

Perubahan tenses disebabkan bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan unruk menuturkan ucapan atau kalimat langsung meniadi ucapan atau kalimat tidak langsung. Kata kerja ini sering juga disebut dengan Introductory Verb. Pada contoh di atas kata kerja yang termasuk introductory verb adalah kata : say says, said, tells dan explained. Apabila Introductory Verb digunakan pada kalimat tidak langsung dalam bentuk present, perubahan kalimat langsung menjadi kalimat tidak langsung mengalarni perubahan tenses. Namun bila learoductory Verb yang digunakan pada kalimat langsung past akan berubah menjadi past perfect tense. Lihat contoh pada bagian a dan b di atas. Untuk lebih jelasnya perhatikan contob-contoh berikut ini

1 ) "She is very busy at home."

He says

He will say (that) she is very busy at home

He has just said

He had just said

He said (that) she was very busy at home.

2) "They are studying in the class."

He tells me that they are studying in the class.

He told me that they were studying in the class.

3) "The family will go to Solo."

She explains that the family will go to Solo.

She explained that the family would go to Solo.

c. Kata kerja bentuk simple present tense yang menyatakan kebenaran unium (general truth).

Contoh

1) He said, "The sun rises in the East and sets in the West."

He said that the sun rises in the East and sets in the West.

2) He said, "Boiling water is hot."

He said that boiling water is hot.

d. Modal bentuk past tense : would, should, had better, used to, might and could.

Contoh :

a) He said, I might be there."

He said that he might be there.

b) He said, "They had better go at night."

He said that they had better go at night

Must yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu peraturan yang sifatnya permanen berlaku umum.

Contoh :

a) He said, "People must respect their parents."

He said that they must respect their parents.

b) He said, "We mustn't drive against the red light."

He said that they mustn't drive against the red light.

Bila must tidak menyata-kan suatu ketentuan seperti tersebut di atas, biasanya berubah menjadi 'had to'.

Contoh :

a) He said, I must-be there by nine."

He said that he had to be there by nine.

b) He said, "They must start at once."

He said that they had to start at once.

e. Perubahan Adverb

Perubahan kalimat langsung menjadi kalimat tidak langsung akan membawa perubahal pada adverb atau kata keterangan sebagai berikut

Kalimat langsung Kalimat tak langsung

now then

today that day

yesterday the day before

the day before yesterday two days before

tomorrow the next day/the following day

the day after tomorrow in two days time

next following

ago before/the previous

here there

this week that week

Contoh

1) He said, I will meet her tomorrow.

He said that he would meet her the next day.

2) He said, "My sister died a year ago."

He said that his sister had died a year before.

3) He said, "She is coming this week."

He said that she was coming that week.

This dan that yang digunakan sebagai adjective biasanya beruhah menjadi the. Misalnya :

This book/that book berubah menjadi The book.

d. Perubahan susunan kalimat

Perubahan susunan kalimat hanya terjadi apabila kalimat langsung yang diubah menjadi kalimat tak langsung merupakan bentuk kalimat tanya, Kalimat tanya bentuk langesung yang diubah menjadi kalimat tak langsung susunannya berubah menjadi susunan kalimat berita atau statement.

Contoh :

I) He said, "Where will they go.?"

He asked where they would go.

2) He said, "Are they swimming in the pool ?”

He asked if they were swimming in the pool.

3) He said, "Will you let him ago ?'

He asked whether I would let him go.

e. Perubahan bentuk infinitive

Contoh :

1) He said,”Close the window”

He asked me to close the window.

2) He said, "Don't close the window!"

He asked me not to close the window.

3) He said, "Be careful on the way !

He advise me to be careful on the way.

4) He said, "Don't be lazy !" -

He advised me not to be lazy.

Change the following sentences into indirect form!

1 Are you a student ? He asked me.

2. Would you like to come with us? they asked him.

3. What did you do in your spare time ? John asked Man.

4. Does your mother like to watch television ? he wants know.

5. Were you busy yesterday ? the teacher asked me.

6. Don't smoke in the class ! he warned us.

7. Why did the baby cry ? Nina asked us.

8. He said,”Open the window”

9. He said, I will meet her tomorrow.

10. They told me “We are studying in the class”.

11. He explained, “I repair the bicycle in the room."

QUESTION TAGS

A. TENSES

1. A : Did Nia sleep in her bed room ?

B : No, She ….. …..a letter a letter. (write)

2. Nania : Dinda, What do you plan next Sunday ?

Dinda : Yes,I ………. ……to the zoo. (go)

3. Doni usually……………..to school by bus. (go)

4. Someone…………..the door now (knock)

5. Alfred…….…..in the garden since 7 o’clock. (work)

6. A : When will you have your holidays?

B . I ………..my holidays. (have)

7. Yesterday, my brother …… you in the bookshop.(see)

8. A : Hey, What are you doing ?

B : I…………….chicken soup (have)

9. Jony : What’ ll you do in the factory tomorrow ?

Hary : I………………a new machine. (operate)

10. Pipit : Why are you going to the Library?

Dewi : I…..….……………… the a novel. (borrow)

B. Soal Question Tag

Pola Kalimat Question Tag

……(+)……..….,….(-)..?

……(-)……..….,….(+)..?

1. Siti and Nasar wouldn’t sing rock song,…………….?.

2. World changes everyday,……………………?

3. Safari bus has to give a good service,…………?

4. Europe has got a problem of oil crisis,………………..?

5. Husein can’t become a President ,……………..?

6. We really need water and air,………………?

7. The enemies can be terorist,……………..?

8. Work by yourselves,………………?

9. Indonesia is never be a champion,…..……………?

10. Visit his friend at the hospital,……………?

11. Travelling by bus never fells bored,………………….?

12. The woman wasn’t like your mother,……………….?

13. Cabbage is not a fruit,………………?

14. Banana is growing in the garden, …………………..?

15. Milk is a kind of drink,…………………..?

16. Beer isn’t needed by our body,………………?

17. Never think your problem,………………….?

18. Don’t use your pencil,……………………?

19. Let’s wish we’ll be kind man,…………?

20. Repair my car please,…………………?

INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL IN REGION

HONOURABLE JUDGE OF SPEECH
MY BELOVED TEACHERS
AND MY BELOVED FRIENDS

GOOD MORNING
ASSALAMU ALAIKUM WR WB

FIRST OF ALL, LET’S ALWAYS THANK TO GOD WHO ALWAYS GIVES US
POWER, SRENGTH, HEALTHY AND EVERYTHING.
THE SECOND, SPECIAL THANK TO MY TEACHERS WHO ALWAYS LEAD AND GUIDE ME IN STUDYING AND MAKING PROGRESS
WELL, BEFORE PRESENTING MY SPEECH, LET ME INTRODUCE ABOUT MYSELF.

MY NAME IS………………………

MY TITTLE OF SPEECH IS INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL IN REGION

AUDIENCE,
WE KNOW THAT IN THIS GLOBAL ERA EVERYBODY WANTS TO LIVE PROPERLY, PROSPEROUSLY AND EASILY. EVERYBODY WANTS TO GET A GOOD JOB, HIGH SALARY AND NICE HOUSE, EVERY BODY WANTS TO REACH HIS OR HER FUTURE AND DREAM. AND THERE ARE CERTAIN PEOPLE WANT TO BE ENGINEER, DOCTOR, DESIGNER. EVERYBODY WANTS TO GET A GOOD JOB, HIGH SALARY. THEY ALL WANT TO REALIZE THEIR DREAM. THEY WANT TO REACH THEIR FUTURE AND DREAM. MEANWHILE IN THIS GLOBAL ERA EVERYTHING MUST BE INTERNATIONAL LEVEL. BUT IT’S HARD TO FIND THE FACILITIES TO GET GOOD EDUCATION TO REACH THEM
EVERY CHILD WANTS TO COMMUNICATE AND SOCIALIZE WITH THE OTHERS. THEY WANT TO KNOW THEIR WORLD. THEY WANT REALIZE WHAT THEY DREAM OF.
IN MODERN TECHNOLOGY, EVERY JOB REQUIRES CERTAIN REQUIREMENTS. AND CERTAIN SKILL. THEY MUST BE EDUCATED PERSON AND HAVE A CERTAIN SKILL RELATED TO THE JOB. AND THEY MUST MASTER TECHNOLOGY WELL. AND THEY MUST BE ABLE TO OPERATE SOMETHING LIKE MACHINE, COMPUTER AND ELECTRICAL MEDIA. THESE ARE A MUST FOR THEM. TO REACH AND TO REALIZE ALL ABOVE EDUCATION IS NEEDED. IT IS NEEDED TO MAKE SOMETHING EASY AND REAL.
IN THIS MODERN ERA WHICH IS CALLED GLOBALIZATION, IT’S NEEDED AN INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTION FOR THEM. BECAUSE EDUCATION IS HUMAN INVESTMENT WHICH HAVE AN IMPORTANT ROLE TO DEVELOPE OUR REGION, PROVINCE, COUNTRY AND MAKE PEOPLE LIVE PROSPEROUSLY FOR THE FUTURE OR FOR THE NEXT GENERATION.
BY EDUCATION WE CAN MASTER TECHNOLOGY WHICH CAN MAKE OUR LIVE EASIER AND EASIER. AND MAKE OUR LIVE IS SO SIMPLE.

AUDIENCE
WE CAN GET SOME BENEFICIALS THROUGH THE INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL
THE FIRST.
BY INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION OR SCHOOL EDUCATION, WE CAN DEVELOPE OUR COUNTRY AND MAKE US EASIER AND EASIER.
THE SECOND
IN THIS GLOBAL ERA, MOST JOBS RELATED TO THE OTHER COUNTRIES. TRADING, EXPORTING, ENTERTAINMENT, SPORT, ETC. IT’S IMPORTANT TO FACILITATE STUDENTS BY GIVING INTERNATIONAL LEVEL EDUCATION OR SCHOOL EDUCATION AS GOOD AS OTHER COUNTRIES. IN ORDER THEY ARE ABLE TO TAKE PART IN EVERY ACTIVITIES IN GLOBAL ERA
THE THIRD.
BY THIS EDUCATION OR SCHOOL EDUCATION, WE WON’T BE LEFT BEHIND WITH OTHER COUNTRIES ESPECIALY IN USING OF MODERN TECHNOLOGY
BUT THE MOST IMPORTANT TO HAVE GOOD SKILL AND EDUCATION TO PROMOTE AND DEVELOPE OUR COUNTRY BY HAVING INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION TROUGH INTERNATION SCHOOL IN OUR REGION. BY THIS WE CAN STUDY NEW TECHNOLOGY AND NEW THINGS RELATED TO SKILL STEP BY STEP. SO OUR LIFE WILL BE EASY IN THE FUTURE. I AM SURE THEY WILL BE USEFUL FOR THE FUTURE.
WELL AUDIENCE, HERE WE CAN DRAW THE CONCLUSIONS FROM MY SPEECH
THE FIRST
EDUCATION IS VERY IMPORTANT FOR ALL. MEN, WOMEN, CHILDREN, YOUNGS AND OLDS. BY EDUCATION WE CAN REALIZE OUR DREAM. AND WE CAN REACH OUR GOOD AND PROSPEROUS LIFE. SO IT IMPORTANT TO FACILITATE THEM BY GIVING INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL IN OUR REGION
THE SECOND
EDUCATION IS A HUMAN INVESTMENT WHICH HAVE AN IMPORTANT ROLE TO DEVELOPE OUR COUNTRY IN GLOBAL ERA AND MAKE PEOPLE LIVE PROSPEROUSLY FOR THE FUTURE OR FOR THE NEXT GENERATION. IT IS NEEDED INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL IN OUR REGION
WELL AUDIENCE, I THINK IT IS ALL
I REALIZE THAT THERE ARE STILL MANY MISTAKES AND MANY WEAKNESSES IN MY SPEECH.
WELL, AUDIENCE THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR YOUR ATTENTION

WASSALAMU ALAIKUM WR WB

QUALITY EDUCATION FOR ALL

HONOURABLE JUDGE OF SPEECH CONTEST
MY BELOVED TEACHERS
AND MY BELOVED FRIENDS

GOOD MORNING
ASSALAMU ALAIKUM WR WB

FIRST OF ALL, LET’S WE ALWAYS THANK TO GOD WHO ALWAYS GIVES US
POWER, SRENGTH, HEALTHY AND EVERYTHING.
THE SECOND, SPECIAL THANK TO MY TEACHERS WHO ALWAYS LEAD AND GUIDE ME IN STUDYING AND MAKING PROGRESS
WELL, BEFORE I PRESENTING MY SPEECH, LET ME INTRODUCE ABOUT MYSELF.

MY NAME IS………………………

I AM FROM SMP 4 WNG
MY SPEECH TITTLE IS QUALITY EDUCATION FOR ALL
AUDIENCE,
IN MODERN TECHNOLOGY, EVERY JOB REQUIRES CERTAIN REQUIREMENTS AND CERTAIN SKILL. THEY MUST BE EDUCATED PERSON AND HAVE A CERTAIN SKILL RELATED TO THE JOB. AND THEY MUST MASTER TECHNOLOGY WELL. AND THEY MUST BE ABLE TO OPERATE SOMETHING LIKE MACHINE, COMPUTER AND ELECTRICAL MEDIA. THESE ARE A MUST FOR THEM. THEY MUST BE QUALIFIED. WHOEVER HOPE TO THEIR CHILDREN TO BE A QUALIFIED PERSON. AND NOBODY WANT THEIR CHILDREN TO BE UNEMPLOYEMENT PERSON FOR THE FUTURE
UP TO NOW OUR SOCIETY STILL BELIEVE THAT EDUCATION REGARDED AS AN INSTITUTION WHICH CAN REALIZE THEIR HOPE AND DREAM. BUT THEY HAVEN’T BEEN SATISFIED YET WITH EDUCATION RESULT IN THEIR COUNTRY. IT’S NOT ONLY FROM ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STRATA BUT ALSO FROM JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL, SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL, VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL, COLLEGE, AND THE OTHERS STRATA. THEY HOPE THAT THE INSTITUTION FROM ELEMENTARY SCHOOL UNTIL SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL CAN BE A BASIC BEFORE STUDYING IN A UNIVERSITY FOR BECOMING “A HUMAN” . BECOMING A QUALITY HUMAN IN THEIR SOCIETY, PLACE , AND IN THEIR COUNTRY LIKE THEIR HOPE. AND THESE INSTITUTIONS CAN REALIZE THE QUALITY OF HUMAN RESOURCES THROUGH EDUCATION.
WELL AUDIENCE
SO THE QUESTION, HOW CAN OUR EDUCATION INSTITUTION BE QUALIFIED ?
MAY BE THESE CAN ANSWER THE QUESTION ABOVE.
THE FIRST
THESE INSTITUTION MUST BE ABLE TO GIVE STOCK OF ABILITY AND SKILL TO FACE THE FUTURE PROSPECT. BECAUSE EDUCATION IS A HUMAN INVESTMENT WHICH HAVE AN IMPORTANT ROLE TO DEVELOPE OUR COUNTRY AND MAKE PEOPLE LIVE PROSPEROUSLY FOR THE FUTURE OR THE NEXT GENERATION.
THE SECOND
THESE INSTITUTION MUST BE SENSITIVE WITH THE MARKET NEED OR THE RECENT ERA NEED. ALWAYS GIVE INOVATION RELATED TO THE LESSON MATERIAL. BECAUSE TECHNOLOGY ALWAYS DEVELOP TIME TO TIME. AND WE MUST BE ABLE TO MASTER IT TO FACE THE MODERN TECHNOLOGY IN ORDER MAKE LIVE EASIER AND EASIER.
THE THIRD
THE MOST IMPORTANT IS ALWAYS HOLD DICIPLINE FROM THE TOP TO THE BOTTOM LEVEL IN THE EDUCATION INSTITUTION. TEACHERS, STUDENTS, STAFFS ARE INTERCORRELATION. THEY MUST HOLD DICIPLINE IN ORDER TO GET QUALITY EDUCATION RESULT.
WELL AUDIENCE
IF THE INSTITUTION ALWAYS CONCERN WITH THE REQUIREMENTS ABOVE, I AM SURE THAT THESE EDUCATION INSTITUTION WILL PRODUCE MANY QUALITFIED GRADUATIONS. AND THEY CAN BE MARKETABLE AND COMPARABLE AMONG THE OTHERS COUNTRY. AND WE WON’T FIND MANY UNEMPLOYMENT PERSONS AROUND US. BECAUSE WE HAVE MANY QUALIFIED PERSONS AS THE HUMAN INVESTMENT WHICH ABLE TO DEVELOP AND MAKE OUR COUNTRY BECOMES PROSPEROUS.
WELL AUDIENCE,
BEFORE ENDING MY SPEECH, HERE CAN BE DRAW A CONCLUSION THAT
THE FIRST
THE QUALITY OF EDUCATION IS NEEDED TO FACE THE MODERN ERA AND TECHNOLOGY. BECAUSE EDUCATION IS A HUMAN INVESTMENT WHICH HAVE AN IMPORTANT ROLE TO DEVELOPE OUR COUNTRY AND MAKE PEOPLE LIVE PROSPEROUSLY FOR THE FUTURE OR FOR THE NEXT GENERATION.
THE SECOND
A GOOD AND QULIFIED EDUCATION INSTITUTION MUST BE
ABLE TO GIVE STOCK OF ABILITY AND SKILL TO FACE THE FUTURE PROSPECT, SENSITIVE WITH THE MARKET NEED OR THE RECENT ERA NEED AND ALWAYS HOLD DICIPLINE FROM THE TOP TO THE BOTTOM LEVEL.
AND HERE I STRESS THAT EDUCATION IS VERY VERY IMPORTANT. FROM CHILD TO OLD. BECAUSE EDUCATION CAN MAKE LIVE EASIER AND EASIER. AND WE WILL FEEL THAT LIVE IS SO SIMPLE.

WELL AUDIENCE, I THINK IT IS ALL
I REALIZE THAT THERE ARE STILL MANY MISTAKES AND WEAKNESSES IN MY SPEECH. I HOPE YOUR CRITICS AND SUGGESTIONS.

WELL, THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR YOUR ATTENTION

WASSALAMU ALAIKUM WR WB

THE INFLUENCE OF TV-SHOW

THE INFLUENCE OF TV-SHOW

Firs of all, let’s we always thank to God who always gives us power, strength, healthy and prosperous.

Well, before presenting my speech, let me introduce about myself. My name is………….

I’ll present my speech . The title is THE INFLUENCE OF TV-SHOW.

Well audience, in this globalisation era the development of technology develop rapidly. It’s happened not only in technology but also in telecommunication, industry, social and mass media. Television is as a kind of mass media has a potential to generate both positive and negative effect to the viewer . Particularly on the children or teenagers.

Audience, There are many enjoyable programs on TV. And most of people like them. Not only children but also young people or old people like it. Because most of TV programs of all channels show many interesting programs. They don’t care if the programs will cause some effect to the viewer. It’s no problem if they cause positive effects. But at present there are more negative effects than positive ones. Many teenagers and children are influenced by film, dialogue, product, style showed on TV. And we can’t stop these. Because in this globalisation era everything develops rapidly.

Well audience, Here I’ll specify the negative influence of-TV shows to the viewer, the children and teenager persons.

Television is as kind technology has a potential to generate negatives effects on the children and teenager persons. Why it brings the negative effects for them ?

The answer is because there are some risks from watching television.

The first, watching television takes time away from positive activities. We know that children and teenagers spent more time in watching TV than doing other activities, like reading, studying their lessons, learning something or doing homework. So it can be said that television can hamper their study activities.

The Second, an attractive advertising on television will influence viewer to become more consumptive. Most of them are interested in the things which are promoted such as; candy, fatty food, toys and cigarette. Of course, it can brings the negative effect for their health.

The third, watching television especially on violent programs can influence children behaviour. They can see violent acts easily, including murder and rape. These violent can motivate them to imitate every act they see on TV

Well audience, from these samples we can conclude that TV-shows not only bring positive influences but also the negative influences. So, the best way to face them is to control ourselves by accepting and using the benefits of programs on TV and try to prevent the negative things which are caused by technology.

Conclusion

TV-shows not only bring positive influences but also the negative influences. So, the best way to face them is to control ourselves by accepting and using the benefits of programs on TV and try to prevent the negative things which are caused by technology. Because it has more negative effect than positive effect.

WELL AUDIENCE, I THINK IT IS ALL

I REALIZE THAT THERE ARE STILL MANY MISTAKES AND WEAKNESSES IN MY SPEECH. I HOPE YOUR CRITICS AND SUGGESTIONS.

WELL, THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR YOUR ATTENTION