DIRECT AND INDIREC SPEECH
1. Pengantar
2. Perubahan Dari Kalimat Langsung Menjadi Kalimat Tidak Langsung
a. Perubahan pronoun
Contoh :
1) He says, I am very sad."
He says that he is very sad.
2) She tells him,” I am as old as you."
She tells him that she is as old as he.
3) The students say, “'We are waiting for our teacher."
The students say that they are waiting for their teacher.
1. D : She says , “I repair his motor cycle”.
I : She says that ……………………………….
2. D : She says , “I repaired his motor cycle”.
I : She says that ………………………………
3. D : She says , “I am repairing his motor cycle”.
I : She says that ……………………………….
4. D : She says , “I will repair the bicycle”.
I : She says that ………………………………..
5. D : She says , “I was repaireing the bicycle”.
I : She says that ………………………………
6. D : She says , “I have repaired the bicycle”.
I : She says that ……………………………….
b. Perubahan Tenses.
| | DIRECT SPEECH | INDIRECT SPEECH |
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 | PRESENT TENSE PRESENT CONTINOUSE PRESENT FUTURE PRESENT PERFECT PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUSE PAST TENSE PAST CONTINOUSE | PAST TENSE PAST CONTINOUSE PAST FUTURE PAST PERFECT PAST PERFECT CONTINOUSE PAST PERFECT TENSE PAST PERFECT CONTINOUSE |
Contoh :
1) He said, “I am very sad."
He said that he was very sad.
2) He said, “I was very sad."
He said that he had been very sad.
3) He explained, “I repair the bicycle in the room."
He explained.that he repaired the bicycle in the room.
4) He said,” I will meet her “
He said that he would meet her
5) He said, "My sister died”
He said that his sister had died .
6) He said, "She is coming ."
He said that she was coming .
1. D : She said , “I repair his motor cycle”.
I : She said that ……………………………….
2. D : She said , “I repaired his motor cycle”.
I : She said that ………………………………
3. D : She said , “He is repairing his motor cycle”.
I : She said that ……………………………….
4. D : She said, “He will repair the bicycle”.
I : She said that ………………………………..
5. D : She said, “He was repaired the bicycle”.
I : She said that ………………………………
6. D : She said, “He has repaired the bicycle”.
I : She said that ……………………………….
Perubahan tenses disebabkan bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan unruk menuturkan ucapan atau kalimat langsung meniadi ucapan atau kalimat tidak langsung. Kata kerja ini sering juga disebut dengan Introductory Verb. Pada contoh di atas kata kerja yang termasuk introductory verb adalah kata : say says, said, tells dan explained. Apabila Introductory Verb digunakan pada kalimat tidak langsung dalam bentuk present, perubahan kalimat langsung menjadi kalimat tidak langsung mengalarni perubahan tenses. Namun bila learoductory Verb yang digunakan pada kalimat langsung past akan berubah menjadi past perfect tense. Lihat contoh pada bagian a dan b di atas. Untuk lebih jelasnya perhatikan contob-contoh berikut ini
1 ) "She is very busy at home."
He says
He will say (that) she is very busy at home
He has just said
He had just said
He said (that) she was very busy at home.
2) "They are studying in the class."
He tells me that they are studying in the class.
He told me that they were studying in the class.
3) "The family will go to Solo."
She explains that the family will go to Solo.
She explained that the family would go to Solo.
c. Kata kerja bentuk simple present tense yang menyatakan kebenaran unium (general truth).
Contoh
1) He said, "The sun rises in the East and sets in the West."
He said that the sun rises in the East and sets in the West.
2) He said, "Boiling water is hot."
He said that boiling water is hot.
d. Modal bentuk past tense : would, should, had better, used to, might and could.
Contoh :
a) He said, I might be there."
He said that he might be there.
b) He said, "They had better go at night."
He said that they had better go at night
Must yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu peraturan yang sifatnya permanen berlaku umum.
Contoh :
a) He said, "People must respect their parents."
He said that they must respect their parents.
b) He said, "We mustn't drive against the red light."
He said that they mustn't drive against the red light.
Bila must tidak menyata-kan suatu ketentuan seperti tersebut di atas, biasanya berubah menjadi 'had to'.
Contoh :
a) He said, I must-be there by nine."
He said that he had to be there by nine.
b) He said, "They must start at once."
He said that they had to start at once.
e. Perubahan Adverb
Perubahan kalimat langsung menjadi kalimat tidak langsung akan membawa perubahal pada adverb atau kata keterangan sebagai berikut
Kalimat langsung Kalimat tak langsung
now then
today that day
yesterday the day before
the day before yesterday two days before
tomorrow the next day/the following day
the day after tomorrow in two days time
next following
ago before/the previous
here there
this week that week
Contoh
1) He said, I will meet her tomorrow.
He said that he would meet her the next day.
2) He said, "My sister died a year ago."
He said that his sister had died a year before.
3) He said, "She is coming this week."
He said that she was coming that week.
This dan that yang digunakan sebagai adjective biasanya beruhah menjadi the. Misalnya :
This book/that book berubah menjadi The book.
d. Perubahan susunan kalimat
Perubahan susunan kalimat hanya terjadi apabila kalimat langsung yang diubah menjadi kalimat tak langsung merupakan bentuk kalimat tanya, Kalimat tanya bentuk langesung yang diubah menjadi kalimat tak langsung susunannya berubah menjadi susunan kalimat berita atau statement.
Contoh :
I) He said, "Where will they go.?"
He asked where they would go.
2) He said, "Are they swimming in the pool ?”
He asked if they were swimming in the pool.
3) He said, "Will you let him ago ?'
He asked whether I would let him go.
e. Perubahan bentuk infinitive
Contoh :
1) He said,”Close the window”
He asked me to close the window.
2) He said, "Don't close the window!"
He asked me not to close the window.
3) He said, "Be careful on the way !
He advise me to be careful on the way.
4) He said, "Don't be lazy !" -
He advised me not to be lazy.
Change the following sentences into indirect form!
1 Are you a student ? He asked me.
2. Would you like to come with us? they asked him.
3. What did you do in your spare time ? John asked Man.
4. Does your mother like to watch television ? he wants know.
5. Were you busy yesterday ? the teacher asked me.
6. Don't smoke in the class ! he warned us.
7. Why did the baby cry ? Nina asked us.
8. He said,”Open the window”
9. He said, I will meet her tomorrow.
10. They told me “We are studying in the class”.
11. He explained, “I repair the bicycle in the room."
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